![]() ![]() The Sahara's animal and plant communities have adapted to the region's extremely dry conditions. About 75 percent of the Sahara's population lives in oases, which make up only 2,071 square kilometers (800 square miles) of the desert's vast area. An oasis is a hub of water in the desert, often in the form of springs, wells, or irrigation systems. They include the Atlas Mountains, which stretch from southwestern Morocco to northeastern Tunisia the Tibesti Mountains of southern Libya and northern Chad and the Ahaggar Mountains in southern Algeria. Hamadas are elevated plateaus of rock and stone that reach heights of 3,353 meters (11,000 feet). Regs are the remains of prehistoric seabeds and riverbeds but are now nearly waterless. Regs are plains of sand and gravel that make up 70 percent of the Sahara. Ergs can contain large quantities of salt, which is sold for industrial and food use. Ergs cover most of Algeria and Libya and parts of Mali and Nigeria. ![]() Ergs, which cover 20 percent of the Sahara, are sand dunes that stretch for hundreds of kilometers at heights of more than 300 meters (1,000 feet). ![]() The Sahara has a number of distinct physical features, including ergs, regs, hamadas, and oases. Defining Africa's northern bulge, the Sahara makes up 25 percent of the continent. Sahara The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert, covering 8.5 million square kilometers (3.3 million square miles), about the size of the South American country of Brazil. Each of these regions has unique animal and plant communities. Some of these regions cover large bands of the continent, such as the Sahara and Sahel, while others are isolated areas, such as the Ethiopian Highlands and the Great Lakes. Africa has eight major physical regions: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian Highlands, the savanna, the Swahili Coast, the rainforest, the African Great Lakes, and southern Africa. Africa's physical geography, environment, resources, and human geography can be considered separately. It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator. Africa, the second largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. ![]()
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